P-S Pay Date  The date on which a declared stock dividend or a bond interest payment is scheduled to be paid.  Percent Change  This calculates the percentage change in the price of a security from the previous trading day's closing price. Percent Profit  This is your profit or loss expressed as a percentage of your original investment and including the cost of your brokerage commission. Preferred shares  Preferred shares give investors a fixed dividend from the company's earnings. And more importantly: preferred shareholders get paid before common shareholders.  Premium  This generally refers to extra money an investor is willing to pay to buy or sell something. Previous  This is the closing price of a security from the previous trading day.  Prime Rate  The interest rate banks charge, determined by market forces affecting a bank's cost of funds and the rates the borrowers will accept. Put option  This security gives investors the right to sell fixed number of shares at a fixed price within a given time frame. An investor, for example, might wish to have the right to sell shares of a stock at a certain price by a certain time in order to protect, or hedge, an existing investment.  Reaction  This term has been around as long as the stock market itself and is used to describe a short-term drop in prices. Real Time  A real-time stock, bond, option or futures quote is one that reports the most current price available when a security changes hands. A delayed quote shows a security's price 15 minutes and sometimes 20 minutes after a trade takes place.  Record Date  The date on which a shareholder must officially own shares in order to be entitled to a dividend. After the date of record the stock is said to be ex-dividend.   Relative Strength  Stocks which have been strong relative to all other stocks should continue to be relatively stronger in the future and securities which have been relatively weak tend to continue to be weaker.  Return on equity  Return on equity measures the return, expressed as a percentage, earned on a company's common stock investment for a specific period.   Securities & Exchange Commission The SEC is a federal agency that regulates the U.S. financial markets.  SEC EDGAR  The Securities & Exchange Commission uses Electronic Data Gathering and Retrieval to transmit company documents to investors. Those documents, which are available via DBC's Smart Edgar service, include 10-Qs (quarterly reports), 8-Ks (significant developments such as the sale of a company unit) and 13-Ds (disclosures by parties who own 5% or more of a company's shares).  Security This piece of paper proves ownership of stocks, bonds and other investments.  Sell Price Enter here the price you received when you sold a security. If you received $10 for a share that you sold at 10, then enter  Shareholders' equity  This is a company's total assets minus total liabilities. A company's net worth is the same thing.

S-W Shares  Enter here the number of shares you own. If you bought shares of a specific security at different times and various prices, enter the total number of shares here and enter the average price for the purchases under Buy Price.  Short sale  Investors who borrow stock and sell it to someone else are betting the shares go down in price. Then, they can buy back the stock at a lower price and pocket the difference as profit. Going "short" is the opposite of going "long," or owning shares for the long haul.  Short interest This is the total number of shares of a security that investors have sold short -- borrowed, then sold in the hope that the security will fall in value. An investor then buys back the shares and pockets the difference as profit.  Spinoff  A company can create an independent company from an existing part of the company by selling or distributing new shares in the so-called spinoff.  Split  Sometimes, companies split their outstanding shares into larger number of shares. If a company with one million shares did a two-for-one split, the company would have two million shares. An investor, for example, with 100 shares before the split would hold 200 shares after the split. The investor's percentage of equity in the company remains the same.  Spread  This is the gap between bid and ask prices of a stock or other security.  Stock ticker This is a lettered symbol assigned to securities and mutual funds that trade on U.S. financial exchanges.  Tick  This refers to a change in the price of a security. An uptick occurs when the last trade in a security takes place at a higher price than the prior trade. A downtick occurs when the last trade in a security takes place at a lower price than the prior trade. Trade sizes  On most trading screens, investors can see the amount of stock available for buyers and sellers. In a stock with a bid price of 18 and an ask price of 18 1/2, for example, a trade size of 10x5 indicates that investors have bids in to buy 10 blocks of 100 shares at the price of 18. Sellers, on the other hand, are willing to sell five blocks of 100 shares at 18 1/2.  Trading halt  Trading of a stock, bond, option or future contract can be halted by an exchange while news is being broadcast about the security.  Turnover (Securities)  The volume of shares traded as a percentage of total shares listed on an exchange during a period, usually a day or a year. The same ratio is applied to individual securities and the portfolio of individual or institutional investors.  Value  This is the current price of the security multiplied by the number of shares you own. If you own 1000 shares of Apple Computer, and the shares are selling for $25, the value should be $25,000.  Value stock  A stock perceived by the marketplace to be undervalued based on criteria such as its price-to-earnings ratio, price-to-book ratio, dividend yield, etc.  Volatility (Historical)  This describes the fluctuations in the price of a stock or other type of security. If the price of a stock is capable of large swings, the stock has a high volatility. Volume  This is the daily number of shares of a security that changes hands between a buyer and a seller.  Warrant  This piece of paper gives an investor the right to purchase securities at a fixed price within a fixed time span. Warrants are like call options, but with much longer time spans -- sometimes years.

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